Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u00f9n c\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t, bao b\u1ecdc k\u00edn m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch. V\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 100 km. V\u1eady n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf T r\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00f9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nham th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec sao tr\u00ean T r\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nham th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Linnai n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a T h\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: “Nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian”. \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a T r\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nham th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn: \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh (\u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda), \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f9i v\u00e0 3\/4 nham th\u1ea1ch trong v\u1ecf T r\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng (dung nham) n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng do n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 Huy\u1ec1n V\u0169, \u0111\u00e1 An S\u01a1n\u2026 ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n km2, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nham t\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t (bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t). Sau khi l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb phong ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00f9n c\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng, qua th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t v\u00f3n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t b\u00f9n ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft di th\u1ec3 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed5. T rong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a T r\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 hoa c\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nham th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua ba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: V\u00f2ng nham th\u1ea1ch; \u0110\u00e1 ho\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh; \u0110\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch; \u0110\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 b\u00f9n c\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u00e1 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t, bao b\u1ecdc k\u00edn m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10153\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}