Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. T h\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1997 T \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi \u1edf Mar\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T rong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi “Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n khan hi\u1ebfm”. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn 3% t\u1ed5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong \u0111\u00f3 2\/3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng b\u0103ng d\u00e0y \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c, g\u1ea7n 1\/3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 0,26% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u1ed1n \u00edt \u1ecfi n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfm. Do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o h\u01a1n. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfm 97% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u1eeba m\u1eb7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafng, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbi cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un l\u00f2 h\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 l\u00f2. Do \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdt ho\u00e1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1ecdt ho\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng, m\u00e0ng ion \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ion \u00e2m, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ion v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. T uy ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hao t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng l\u00e0m t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng ch\u1ec9 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng qua, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 t\u1ed1n \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan ngh\u00eanh, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. T heo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u0103m 1994 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Chu S\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m m\u1eabu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 500 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt tr\u00ean ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt; Ng\u1ecdt ho\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. T h\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1997 T \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10213\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}