{"id":10215,"date":"2021-11-21T19:20:13","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T12:20:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=10215"},"modified":"2021-11-21T19:39:02","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T12:39:02","slug":"lam-the-nao-de-rut-cac-khoang-chat-trong-nuoc-bien-ra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/lam-the-nao-de-rut-cac-khoang-chat-trong-nuoc-bien-ra\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ra?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 &#8220;Kho b\u00e1u m\u00e0u xanh&#8221;. T heo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a 17 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n natri, 2,1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n magie, 60 v\u1ea1n t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n canxi, 60 v\u1ea1n t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n kali, 15 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng, 5 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n urani, 10 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0ng, v.v.. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00edch trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ra \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t c\u01a1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tuy nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3,5%. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00ec t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hao c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m mu\u1ed1i. \u1ede nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eebng \u00f4 ru\u1ed9ng vu\u00f4ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t T r\u1eddi, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ru\u1ed9ng ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, ho\u1eb7c tinh luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 magie, brom, iot t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tinh luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi &#8211; v\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c trong mu\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch xa ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tinh luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tinh luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh v\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u00ednh h\u00e1o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n nu\u1ed1t s\u1eaft. N\u00f3 h\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0103n ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, chuy\u1ec3n s\u1eaft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t s\u1eaft. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00e1o ch\u1ea5t vana\u0111i, n\u00f3 u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5 x 10-9 vana\u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5% vana\u0111i. T rong bi\u1ec3n H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 urani l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c urani. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf trong bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, n\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 b\u1ecf qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh v\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 urani trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. T rung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat urani t\u1eeb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u xanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 &#8220;Kho b\u00e1u m\u00e0u xanh&#8221;. T heo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a 17 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n natri, 2,1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n magie, 60 v\u1ea1n t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n canxi, 60 v\u1ea1n t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n kali, 15 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng, 5 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n urani, 10 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0ng, v.v.. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10215"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10215\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}