D\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u 2.000 – 6000 m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i, b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1 – 25 cm, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 1 m n\u1eb7ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m kg. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 70 lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 mangan, \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f4ban v\u00e0 niken. T \u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 3.000 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 400 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n mangan, 8,8 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng, 16,4 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n niken, 9,8 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ban, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T h\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn boong t\u00e0u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng cao v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khai th\u00e1c, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft n\u00f3i chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0: \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i, b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao \u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung qu\u1eb7ng. \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c. \u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i l\u1eafp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c. T rong \u1ed1ng b\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao \u00e1p. B\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc cao \u00e1p l\u1eafp trong \u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i, th\u00f4ng qua cao \u00e1p khi\u1ebfn cho trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c s\u1ea3n sinh d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 5 m\/s. mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u khai th\u00e1c. T \u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp trung mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c 500 t\u1ea5n\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m b\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p, \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eadp k\u1ebft qu\u1eb7ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. B\u01a1m kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean boong t\u00e0u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1m cao \u00e1p, b\u01a1m n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n sinh ra d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed cao \u00e1p th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn cho trong l\u00f2ng \u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ba ch\u1ea5t: qu\u1eb7ng, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01b0a mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c v\u00e0o m\u00e1y khai th\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean boong t\u00e0u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 5.000 m, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 300 t\u1ea5n\/ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c theo d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7u m\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea7u m\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y x\u00edch lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a polyme c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n cao, c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch 25 – 50 m \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t g\u1ea7u. Khi khai th\u00e1c, m\u00e1y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u k\u00e9o x\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng qua r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c g\u1ea7u m\u00fac l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u00fac qu\u1eb7ng l\u00ean. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c n\u00e0y qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u00ednh th\u00edch nghi cao, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khai th\u00e1c th\u1ea5p, khi thao t\u00e1c kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3i chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e2ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khai th\u00e1c n\u00e2ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat v\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp c\u00e1nh v\u00edt xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung qu\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y k\u0129 thu\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb xa l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o s\u00e0n t\u00e0u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tuy ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf thua xa ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai th\u00e1c th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T \u1eeb kho\u00e1: Mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u 2.000 – 6000 m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c. Ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a mangan v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i, b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1 – 25 cm, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10237\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}