Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a. Bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1t L\u00e3nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n quanh co, ch\u1ed7 cao ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00edt t\u1eadn n\u01a1i xa v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Phong H\u1ecfa \u0110\u00e0i h\u00f9ng v\u0129. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2700 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Phong H\u1ecfa \u0110\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i tin \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh n\u0103m l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t – \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ra hi\u1ec7u tay (th\u1ee7 th\u1ebf), n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t (b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ra hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang \u0111\u1ec3 giao l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 hai – s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft (v\u0103n t\u1ef1) n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay (th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang \u0111\u1ec3 giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n tin v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua khu v\u1ef1c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 ba – l\u00e0m ra gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean mai r\u00f9a v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t), th\u1ebb tre ho\u1eb7c da th\u00fa. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch in ch\u1eef r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi coi ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m in \u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang m\u1edbi cho th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 – \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng telex, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nhanh h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang m\u1edbi cho th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i dung truy\u1ec1n tin – ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ee9 n\u0103m – \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao 10 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ghi tin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady truy\u1ec1n tin l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ng Internet \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau khi Internet v\u00e0 xa l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin cao t\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang tin k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Th\u00f4ng tin; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a. Bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n mang (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i). Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10262\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}