Axit amin hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Alpha Amino axit, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9c. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a axit amin bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: cacbon (C), hydro (H), oxy (O), Nit\u01a1 (N) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit amin ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m amino (NH2) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m cacboxyl (COOH). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chung l\u00e0 H2NxR(COOH)y<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit amin bao g\u1ed3m: nh\u00f3m amin \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m axit cacboxylic b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a sinh, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi anpha amino axit. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng axit amin m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m amin v\u00e0 cacboxylic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cacbon, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 alpha \u2013 cacbon<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t axit amin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t H+ ra kh\u1ecfi nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t OH\u2013 kh\u1ecfi cacbon) th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft peptit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec7 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, axit amin th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y: C\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn k\u1ebft tinh, v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng; \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, k\u00e8m theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, d\u1ec5 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec c\u00e1c amino axit \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ion l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t axit amin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Rf theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc k\u00fd gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m \u2013 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u01b0\u0301c n\u0103ng cu\u0309a lipit \u2013 Tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i 10 va\u0323n c\u00e2u ho\u0309i vi\u0300 sao cu\u0300ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Axit amin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Axit amin l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh baz\u01a1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 hay v\u1edbi ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a axit amin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh axit, axit amin t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NH2-CH2-COOH + KOH \u2192 NH2CH2COOK + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh baz\u01a1 c\u1ee7a axit amin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Axit amin t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NH2CH2COOH + HCl \u2192 ClNH3CH2COOH<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng ng\u01b0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng ng\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a amino axit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nNH2CH2COOH + HCl \u2192 (ClNHCH2COOH)n + nH2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng ng\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a 6-aminohexanoic ho\u1eb7c axit 7-aminoheptanoic v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra polime thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i poliamit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: Qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng ng\u01b0ng, t\u1eeb n amino axit kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n! polipeptit c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a n g\u1ed1c amino axit kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HNO2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HOOC-R-NH2 + HNO2 \u2192 HOOC-R-OH + N2 + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este ho\u00e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NH2CH2COOH + ROH \u2192 NH2CH2COOR + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m (COOH) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m (NH2) trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amino axit, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c amino axit c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amino axit c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m COOH b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m (NH2), th\u00ec aminoaxit kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amino axit c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m COOH > s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m (NH2), qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm s\u1ebd b\u1ecb amino axit l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed amino axit c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m COOH < s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m (NH2), qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm s\u1ebd b\u1ecb amino axit l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng do mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a amino axit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NH2CH2COOK + 2HCl \u2192 NH3ClCH2COOH + KCl<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NH3ClCH2COOH + 2 KOH \u2192 NHCH2COOK + KCl + H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 alpha amino axit th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a axit amin l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang,c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 alpha amino axit r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 alpha amino axit th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng to\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 axit amin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 0.2 mol h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t amino axit A (t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 26.4 g kh\u00ed CO2, 12,6 gam h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 2,24 l\u00edt kh\u00ed nit\u01a1. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1 mol ch\u1ea5t A th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 3,75 mol oxi. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
n CO2 = 26.4\/44 = O.6 mol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nH2O = 12.6\/18 = 0.7 mol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nN2= 2.24\/22.4 = 0.1 mol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 C (amino axit) = 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 H (amino axit) = 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1 mol A c\u1ea7n 3,75 mol O2, suy ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 0.2 mol ch\u1ea5t A c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 0.75 mol O2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 O: nO + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + n H2O. Suy ra, s\u1ed1 O (amino axit) = 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N, s\u1ed1 N (amino axit) = 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady amino axit A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C3H7O2N<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0 A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00ean A l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 alpha \u2013 amino axit. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0: H2NCH(CH3)COOH<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit amin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Axit amin c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7: Tryptophan l\u00e0 axit amin gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra serotonin (ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3),g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng, gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c: B\u1ed9 3 axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u01a1 b\u1eafp sau khi t\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t c\u01a1: c\u00e1c axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 b\u1eafp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n: B\u1ed9 3 axit amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh c\u00f2n gi\u00fap k\u00edch th\u00edch gi\u1ea3m b\u00e9o, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ee1 kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1ea3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1eafc m\u1eafc axit amin l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 \u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 axit amin v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i truy c\u1eadp website: Vietlearn.org\/ nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Axit \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 9 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Axit Baz\u01a1 mu\u1ed1i \u2013 H\u00f3a 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mol h\u00f3a 8 : T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Protein l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Prot<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u00e1n ng\u1ea9m v\u1edbi m\u00f4n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00f4n t\u1eadp t\u1eebng ch\u00fat ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. H\u00f4m nay, Vietlearn s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}