Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ba lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau xa v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ta chia m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (supercomputer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 (mainframe)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini (minicomputer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh (microcomputer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea1m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c (workstation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ng\u1eef \u00e2m, v\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh, b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/a>, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. M\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/a>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i theo \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 tuy c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh, song l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m xa m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t. M\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng chip vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/a> trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00f4gic gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tivi l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ra. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00f9ng tivi l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ra. Tuy n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng con chip vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh. M\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng l\u1eabn \u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean kh\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t b\u00e9, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t khe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi card tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. C\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong card tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o. M\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp card tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh; M\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i; M\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed; B\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u00e1y tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ba lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau xa v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng. Theo quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ta chia m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra: Si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (supercomputer) M\u00e1y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tin-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10298"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10298\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}