D\u1ef1a theo quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN: local area network), m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (MAN: metropolitan area network) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN: wide area network). M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng qui m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hay m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc hay c\u01a1 quan ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m m\u00e9t, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y kil\u00f4met. M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng g\u1ea7n nhau trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn kil\u00f4met.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ch\u00fang theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i s\u1ed1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafp th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n: b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf – gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf (m\u00f4\u0111em c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 – ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y l\u00e0 600 bit \u0111\u1ebfn 9600 bit. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y l\u00e0 33,6 Kbit \u0111\u1ebfn 56 Kbit. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i xa, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c th\u1ea5p, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y M, 10 M, 20 M (mega: tri\u1ec7u) k\u00ed t\u1ef1; th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafp ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y in; ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 DOS. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i PC l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u0129a t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in \u0111\u1eaft qu\u00e1 th\u00ec hay bi\u1ebft bao. M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y PC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y PC trong ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, l\u1ea1i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kh\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c x\u01b0a kia c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng Ethernet l\u00e0 10 Mbit\/gi\u00e2y r\u1ed3i. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng Ethernet, m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh b\u00e0i ho\u00e0n, t\u1ed5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh b\u00e0i. Do m\u1ea1ng Ethernet k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i nhanh; v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng: c\u1ef1 li truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i cao, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, v\u1ed1n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00ec t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a PC, m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p quang m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ea5y t\u1ec9 bit m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y r\u1ed3i. M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t nho\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: M\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh; M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; M\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D\u1ef1a theo quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN: local area network), m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (MAN: metropolitan area network) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN: wide area network). M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng qui m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tin-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10322"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10322\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}