M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. V\u1eady s\u00f3ng quang (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 0,77 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,39 \u221dm- ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng? S\u00f3ng quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p quang. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (quang tuy\u1ebfn) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u00fa \u1edb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u00ed do l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xen l\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u tia s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1) kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u00e9m. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ra\u0111i\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thu nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi \u1ed1ng nghe, khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o nghe r\u00f5 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1960, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 l\u00e0 Maiman \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb laze (laser – light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation – khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng – btv) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 rubi, sinh ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tia s\u00e1ng t\u1eadp trung cao v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 laze. Sau khi ph\u00e1t minh ra laze, th\u00f4ng tin quang m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, laze truy\u1ec1n \u0111i trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u01b0a laze, tuy\u1ebft, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m r\u00e8m c\u1eeda m\u1ecfng th\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f9m tia s\u00e1ng, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tia s\u00e1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng y\u1ebfu \u0111i. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho laze truy\u1ec1n \u0111i xa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n pha l\u00ea Hy L\u1ea1p t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng tia s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfc que pha l\u00ea (thu\u1ef7 tinh) nhanh ch\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb1ng kia, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t “thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c”, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc que kia. Qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec khi tia s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t pha l\u00ea th\u00ec sinh ra ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed d\u00f9ng s\u1ee3i pha l\u00ea k\u00e9o r\u1ea5t m\u1ea3nh – s\u1ee3i quang, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f9 cho s\u1ee3i pha l\u00ea c\u00f3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec laze s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 qua l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ee3i pha l\u00ea n\u00e0y, ngoan ngo\u00e3n ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1edbi r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1ea7u kia. Lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y pha l\u00ea n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn quang. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m thanh, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, tranh \u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quang l\u00fac m\u1ea1nh l\u00fac y\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i xa. Khi n\u00f3i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c khi camera ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 tranh \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 do 0 ho\u1eb7c 1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh (trong \u0111\u00f3 1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00f3 tia s\u00e1ng, 0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ea1y qua s\u1ee3i quang r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i quang ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin, khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i v\u00e0o xa l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin. Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee3i quang th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y c\u00e1p quang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m s\u1ee3i quang th\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao. C\u00f2n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i quang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee3i quang nh\u1eb9, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 g\u1ec9 hay m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t. T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1p quang cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y th\u00f4ng tin (truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng) s\u1ee3i quang d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 2000, m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee3i quang c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1eafc s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0o t\u1eadn nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, xem truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa. Th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee3i quang s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang; S\u1ee3i quang; Laze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. V\u1eady s\u00f3ng quang (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 0,77 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,39 \u221dm- ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng? S\u00f3ng quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tin-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}