N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra bi\u1ec3n. Sa ho\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 T\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i ra bi\u1ec3n Fa-r\u00f4, th\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng; hai l\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Nam, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i ra H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t eo bi\u1ec3n H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i Nga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00ed T\u00e2y v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ed1i ra H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Th\u1ed5 \u00d4t -t\u00f4man nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n. N\u0103m 1735 1739, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm A-xut hai b\u00ean li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh nhau, qu\u00e2n Th\u1ed5 b\u1ecb thua li\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd v\u1edbi Nga c\u00e1c ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 cho Nga chi\u1ebfm c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Cap-cad\u01a1 ven bi\u1ec3n H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u00d4t -t\u00f4man Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 oai phong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c xuy\u00ean 3 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c \u00c2u, \u00c1, Phi n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00fa c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e2u x\u00e9. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, ai chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cdi s\u1ea3n\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uu th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady Nga, Anh, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u lao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 40 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn phong ba n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201cTh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u201d Gi\u00ea-ru-xalem. \u1ede th\u00e0nh Jerusalemn\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00e1c chu\u00f4ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c. N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 v\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kho\u00e1 l\u0103ng t\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u00d4t- t\u00f4man. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong tay gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1850, Vua Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Lu- y B\u00f4-napac \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa n\u1eafm gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i phong ba. Vua Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 Ap-\u0111un Mai-chet v\u1eabn \u1ea5m \u1ee9c v\u00ec b\u1ecb Nga chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Anh, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ng\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 trao ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sa ho\u00e0ng Ni-c\u00f4la I \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, qu\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf ngay ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, d\u00e0n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng v\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n \u00caPh\u00e1p c\u0169ng v\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n \u00ca1853, qu\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ed5. Th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n Th\u1ed5 c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Nga. Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng ven H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Cap-cad\u01a1. Th\u00e1ng 11, t\u1ea1i b\u1edd Nam H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, qu\u00e2n Th\u1ed5 thua to. Th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nguy ng\u1eadp, h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Anh, Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i lao v\u00e0o ngay H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1854, Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nga. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga -Th\u1ed5 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Qu\u00e2n Nga bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i lui kh\u1ecfi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Ban-c\u0103ng. Chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga -Th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ng\u1eebng, ng\u1eebng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 180 n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nga chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i ra H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra bi\u1ec3n. Sa ho\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i ra bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 T\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i ra bi\u1ec3n Fa-r\u00f4, th\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10531\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}