Ch\u00e2u Phi trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea9n b\u00ed. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a H\u00ea-r\u00f4t\u0111\u01a1-t\u00f4t (Herodotus), nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cCha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sa m\u1ea1c, s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1eebng r\u1eadm c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u Phi qu\u00e1 \u00edt, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ebd tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, ph\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1eabn b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd m\u1ea5y con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con voi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea9u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea9n k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. N\u0103m 1415, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111i qua eo bi\u1ec3n Gi-b\u01a1-ran-ta (Gibraltar)chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh X\u01a1-ta (Centa) c\u1ee7a Ma R\u1ed1c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1488, \u0110i- at (Baratolomeu Dias) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u Phi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u0169i H\u1ea3o V\u1ecdng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t mang l\u1ea1i \u201cnh\u1eefng hy v\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00e2u Phi tai h\u1ecda h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m v\u1ec1 sau. Song song v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi khai ph\u00e1, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1602 H\u00e0 Lan th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n, n\u0103m 1626 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty T\u00e2y \u1ea4n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0 Lan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y s\u00f4ng Ka-phu-\u00ea (Kafue)l\u00e0m gianh gi\u1edbi. Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ty T\u00e2y \u1ea4n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2u Phi. H\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1edbp xong v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1876, Anh \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm xong Nam Phi, Zambia, Sieraleono, Ghana v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Ni-gieria; Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm Senegal, Algeria, Guinea, B\u1edd Bi\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0 (Ivory Coast), DahoMe nay l\u00e0 B\u00ea-nanh (Benin);B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n sa m\u1ea1c Sahara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 sang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2u x\u00e9 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u Phi. N\u0103m 1876 h\u1ecd tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf Bruc- xen (B\u1ec9), sau khi h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ecd v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 x\u00e2u x\u00e9 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u Phi c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, khi th\u00ec \u0111ao b\u00faa s\u00fang g\u01b0\u01a1m, khi th\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i giao ng\u1ecdt nh\u1ea1t, k\u00fd k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea9u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0103n chia xong ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm 10.790.000 km2, 35,6% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u00e2u Phi; Anh chi\u1ebfm 8.860.000 km2, 29% ch\u00e2u Phi; \u0110\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm 2.340.000 km2, 7,7% ch\u00e2u Phi; B\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 2.340.000, 7,7% ch\u00e2u Phi; Italia chi\u1ebfm 2.333.000 km2, 7,75%; B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha chi\u1ebfm 2.000.000 km2, 7%; T\u00e2y Ban Nha chi\u1ebfm 300.000 km2, 1% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sang \u0111\u1ea9u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u00ca-ti-\u00f4-pia v\u00e0 Li-b\u00earia l\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 danh ngh\u0129a. C\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u chia nhau h\u1ebft<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ch\u00e2u Phi trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea9n b\u00ed. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a H\u00ea-r\u00f4t\u0111\u01a1-t\u00f4t (Herodotus), nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cCha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sa m\u1ea1c, s\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10543\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}