Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1345, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: Th\u1ed5 tinh, M\u1ed9c tinh, Ho\u1ea3 tinh g\u1eb7p nhau, ch\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ea t\u00edn, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh s\u1ee3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chi\u00eam tinh h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng x\u1ea5u nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea9n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t\u201d. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chi\u00eam tinh l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1333, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00e1ch xa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh do chu\u1ed9t l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n, th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng M\u00ea- do-p\u00f4-tamia (L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0) v\u00e0 Ai C\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1347, n\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea3o Xi-xin, Italy, v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 Lan, \u0110\u1ee9c, Ba Lan r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 sang Anh. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y ra sao, c\u00e1c th\u1ea9y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00f3 tay, kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u khi\u1ebfn cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh r\u1ea5t kinh s\u1ee3. H\u1ecd may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Ang-l\u00ea l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Ch\u1eafc t\u1eed th\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba d\u1ecbch b\u00eanh, cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 sang Anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t cao, tr\u00ean tay v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m \u0111en. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i, nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u1eabn lan r\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 kia \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u00e2y \u00c2u, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u1ed3n vinh b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean suy t\u00e0n, hoang v\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch ly ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i hy sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng qua cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch lan truy\u1ec1n. Th\u00e0nh V\u01a1-nid\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Italy ban b\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c nghi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ef7 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e1nh n\u1eafng 30 ng\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 Mac-x\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c quan chuy\u00ean tr\u00f4ng coi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch cho nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1edd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1353, 1362, 1364 tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn chi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hoang v\u1eafng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi t\u1eed th\u1ea9n d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1345, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: Th\u1ed5 tinh, M\u1ed9c tinh, Ho\u1ea3 tinh g\u1eb7p nhau, ch\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ea t\u00edn, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh s\u1ee3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10558\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}