Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ? N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t ra l\u1eeda. Nh\u01b0ng, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 sao l\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ngay t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y qu\u1eb7ng nitratkali (di\u00eam ti\u00eau) v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1ed3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong \u201cTh\u1ea9n n\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o kinh\u201d th\u1eddi H\u00e1n qu\u1eb7ng nitoratkali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m, nghe n\u00f3i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 20 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 3 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c trung ph\u1ea9m, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 10 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh. Hai lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en. Theo kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb tay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n. \u1ede th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i , \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ham mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t l\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m thu\u1eadt s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt s\u0129 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n li, ho\u00e0 tan, ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, th\u0103ng hoa, \u0111\u1ed1t. nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n tuy b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ef1oc l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n h\u1eadu th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 qu\u1eb7ng nit\u01a1ratkali, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 than g\u1ed7 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u00fang tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u1ecd x\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c va \u0111\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ed5. Nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n th\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y B\u00e1 D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1eb7ng nit\u01a1ratkali l\u00e0 th\u1eadt hay gi\u1ea3. Qua c\u1ecd x\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng nit\u01a1ratkali th\u00ec g\u1eb7p l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t nhanh. Nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n th\u1eddi Nam B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u00e0o Ho\u1eb1ng C\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng, qu\u1eb7ng nit\u01a1ratkali g\u1eb7p than g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y mang t\u00ednh n\u1ed5. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201c\u0110an kinh\u201d nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n T\u00f4n T\u01b0 M\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ba th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng nitoratkali, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t than tr\u1ed9n theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en.T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, qu\u1eb7ng nitoratkali 75%, b\u1ed9t than 15%, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh 10%. \u0110\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u T\u1ed1ng, quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u201cc\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c\u201d (x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng binh) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, quy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng (N\u0103m 1040 C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) trong \u201cv\u00f5 kinh t\u1ed5ng y\u1ebfu\u201d do T\u0103ng C\u00f4ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cthu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Trong t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i qu\u1eb7ng nitoratkali, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh , than ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 axit sunfuric, nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, s\u00e1p ong, s\u01a1n kh\u00f4\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam T\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong d\u00e2n gian . Khi \u0103n T\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o hoa \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t. Phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p: Qu\u1eb7ng nit\u01a1ratkali l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxy ho\u00e1 sinh ra oxy k\u00edch th\u00edch ch\u00e1y, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 than l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y, khi ch\u00e1y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi oxy ho\u00e1 sinh ra c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 S02 , CO2. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n than l\u00e0m cho thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u00f2n ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u1eefa. Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en khi ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh d\u00e3n n\u1edf nhanh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua \u1ea4N\u0110\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Ar\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Do \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Do \u0111\u00f3, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 1000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ? N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 th\u00ec thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10907\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}