Ng\u00e0y 8\/5\/1654, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Regensburg, nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c k\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: 16 con ng\u1ef1a, chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m, ra s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o b\u1eadt hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 hai ph\u00eda. Nh\u01b0ng, hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u v\u1eabn tr\u01a1 ra!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, \u00f4ng Otto von Guericke, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129, r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Guericke:\u201cTh\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1eafn hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i 16 con ng\u1ef1a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ta\u201d. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba ph\u1ea9n t\u01b0 kh\u1eedu Magdeburg(kho\u1ea3ng 40 cm). Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 37 cm, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u00e2u. Hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0103n kh\u00edt v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ede m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u c\u00f3 l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i h\u01a1i, qua v\u00f2i n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf trong ra, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i ra tr\u00ean hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 4 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 lu\u1ed3n th\u1eebng bu\u1ed9c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a. T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i sai hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e2u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng da; r\u1ed3i \u0111em ng\u00e2m v\u00f2ng da v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u00e1p v\u1edbi d\u1ea9u th\u00f4ng. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1eb9p v\u00f2ng da n\u00e0y v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o trong n\u1eefa. N\u1ed1i v\u00f2i h\u01a1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea9u ra. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, qua v\u00f2ng da, hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u \u00e9p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nhau m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, 16 con ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ch\u00fang ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c. Khi ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u ra th\u00ec c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 s\u00fang v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea9n v\u1eb7n v\u00f2i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 do \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tay t\u00e1ch hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u \u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 10 N tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i centim\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 37 cml\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1.060 centim\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00f2n khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1ea9u l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n 10.000 N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m 8 con ng\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng 10.000 N m\u1edbi th\u1eafng n\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u00ecn qua th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng so v\u1edbi t\u00e1m con ng\u1ef1a (m\u1ed7i b\u00ean). Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1edb qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, khi ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ng\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 10.000 N r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u00e0 l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a, b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 500N (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecf qua hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi t\u00e1m con ng\u1ef1a c\u00f9ng k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i 50% l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o). Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o 10.000 N c\u1ee7a ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t xe 20 t\u1ea5n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi k\u00e9o b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u ra, t\u00e1m con ng\u1ef1a \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea9u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3 k\u00e9o xe v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 800N. Cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n k\u00e9o l\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u Magdeburgra (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con ng\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng nhau) th\u00ec m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng 10.000\/800 = 13 con ng\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1edbp xu\u01a1ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nhau ra, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u Magdegurg. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00e0y 8\/5\/1654, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Regensburg, nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c k\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: 16 con ng\u1ef1a, chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m, ra s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o b\u1eadt hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 hai ph\u00eda. Nh\u01b0ng, hai b\u00e1n c\u1ea9u v\u1eabn tr\u01a1 ra! B\u1eb1ng th\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10911\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}