Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng xe l\u1eeda lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y theo hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u1eb7t song song. Do hai b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9u ho\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe, do v\u1eady kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1chc\u1ee7a hai b\u00e1nh t\u1ea9u ho\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n, \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray m\u1edbi h\u01a1i r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m tr\u1eadt b\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 1435 mm. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n! H\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n sang x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. V\u00f4 s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn xa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n qua m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Anh Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft b\u00e1nh xe r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh xe hai b\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec7t b\u00e1nh xe c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e1nh kho\u1ea3ng 1435 mm l\u00e0m cho xe ng\u1ef1a b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Anh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng xe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u00e1nh xe tr\u0169ng xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng 1435 mm. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 c\u0169. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1825, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 1435 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1edbi t\u1ea5p mang kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Anh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u0103m 1937, Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf qui \u0111\u1ecbnh: Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 1435 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c ra, do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1435 mm. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh 1524 mm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 1667 mm; C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1067 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea9u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 1435 mm. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Mi\u1ebfn, Trung Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray h\u1eb9p, d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ea9u ho\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, do chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7, l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, t\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ray h\u1eb9p 762 mm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng xe l\u1eeda lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y theo hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u1eb7t song song. Do hai b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea9u ho\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh xe, do v\u1eady kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai thanh ray kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ray c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10942"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10942\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}