V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, lam, v\u00e0ng, t\u00edm\u2026 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3o kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. Tia n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u1eaft \u0111i, tia kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, lung tinh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng mong manh, c\u00f3 khi mang h\u00ecnh d\u1ebb qu\u1ea1t, h\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng cung m\u00e0u l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u1eaft tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ef1c quang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Alaska (M\u1ef9), ph\u1ea9n l\u1edbn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Canada, hay v\u00f9ng n\u1eb1m t\u1eeb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 60 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ef1c quang th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00eam. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng v\u00eda, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n cho l\u00e0. ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Khi electronva v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tivi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ef1c quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra khi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi b\u1ea9u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1957 1958 cho r\u1eb1ng khi tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u0111en, gi\u00f3 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1t v\u00e0o Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, mang theo m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c quang. C\u00e1c electron v\u00e0 protontrong d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ea9u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb, ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u1ec1 hai c\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9n t\u1eed kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. B\u1ea9u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 oxy, nito, heli, hydro, neon\u2026 D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ef1c quang c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u ng\u00e0n s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ef1c quang khi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb v\u00e0 k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh, y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c quang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Khi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh chu k\u1ef3, (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ef1c quang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u0129.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam tr\u1eddi quang m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u1edf hai c\u1ef1c Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, lam, v\u00e0ng, t\u00edm\u2026 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3o kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. Tia n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u1eaft \u0111i, tia kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa, lung tinh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 l\u00fac […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10952\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}