Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, trong m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f4n thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3, m\u1ea1ch sun tinh, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t xa, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 100 ~ 1000 l\u1ea9n so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 (trong h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000.000.000 h\u00e0nh tinh), \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n 100.0 l\u1ea9n! Nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u t\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0! Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5? Theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean 6200 lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1967, hai nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t ra theo c\u00f9ng chu k\u1ef3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n xung b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u00eaun, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch xung v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang ta! Sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t sao n\u01a1tron chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sao m\u1ea1ch xung. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 550 sao m\u1ea1ch xung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sao m\u1ea1ch xung so v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 ~ 20 km, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t sao m\u1ea1ch xung c\u1ee7a 1 cm3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 100 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, b\u1eb1ng 1000 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea9n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi! Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a sao m\u1ea1ch xung \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 C, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n 6 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9 C, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 -tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u01a1tron, t\u1ee9c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u00e0 trung ho\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trung t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng sao m\u1ea1ch xung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tai bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sao xung m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobelv\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1965, hai nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 khi \u0111i t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh, b\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea9u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nh\u1ecf y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eadt \u0111en \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 3K. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb trong v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea9u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho l\u00ed lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. N\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebbn v\u1eb9n 600 ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobelv\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed n\u0103m 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea9u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn centimet hay milimet, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. C\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t manh m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, trong m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f4n thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ec3, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}