V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3, chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean. V\u00ec cho d\u00f9 sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc cao c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ra sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed9i dung quy t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 v\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ebf tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb v\u1ebf n\u00e0y sang v\u1ebf kia c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea5u. D\u1ea5u \u201c+\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh d\u1ea5u \u201c-\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n (chia) ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf \u2013 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea5u th\u00ec nh\u00e2n (chia) ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c chia c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c 0. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n (chia) sao cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. V\u00ec chung quy l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t cho d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 to t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda cho quy t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n 2 v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t ax+b=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ax+b=0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng t\u1eed t\u1ef1 do sang m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf v\u00e0 gom h\u1ebft h\u1ea1ng t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a \u1ea9n x sang m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t d\u1ea1ng ax+b=0, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u201cb\u201d sang v\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u201cax\u201d l\u1ea1i v\u1ebf tr\u00e1i. V\u00e0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ebf l\u00e0 ax= -b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p chia c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc x. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ta chia c\u1ea3 2 v\u1ebf cho \u201ca\u201d. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 x=-ba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi S = {-ba }. V\u1edbi S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ax+b=0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nhu c\u1ea7u tham kh\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 t\u1edbi l\u1edbp 12, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp Vietlearn.vn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t hai \u1ea9n \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t To\u00e1n c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh To\u00e1n 8 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung, n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 \u201cnhai\u201d g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[9,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toan-hoc","category-trung-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1105\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}