C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng coi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m trong kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t xung quanh c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong m\u00e2y th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, trong v\u00f2ng 30 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra kho b\u00e1u tri th\u1ee9c cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1963, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 l\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea9u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed1c (OH). N\u0103m n\u0103m sau, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra am\u00f4niac (NH3), ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb h\u1eefu c\u01a1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p – formaldehyde (H2CO). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u0103n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1t\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn sai l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n x\u01b0a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nguy\u00ean Ti\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, cho d\u00f9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tia b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 60 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao trong h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong h\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tinh h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Xyanogen ho\u00e1 hi\u0111ro, formaldehyde (H2CO), ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ax\u00eaton alkyn, ba lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh axit am\u00f4ni kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Do \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i axit amoni. Axit amoni l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh protein v\u00e0 axit nucleic, do v\u1eady \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e2y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n hag v\u00e0 tinh h\u1ec7 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 si\u00eau ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau th\u1ea5p, si\u00eau b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m\u201d kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng coi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m trong kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t xung quanh c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng quang h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11053\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}