Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tuy v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu xung quanh ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc ngay \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng tin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o nh\u00e9. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay th\u00f4i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi m\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n quay, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd 7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1eafc quy, pin\u2026 Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed7i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 (+) v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 (-).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edn s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hai c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1edd d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c em sau khi h\u1ecdc xong c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chung c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy, c\u1ee7a pin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i 19 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. Tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i m\u1eabu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. Ngo\u00e0i ra, sau khi l\u00e0m xong, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00e9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 1: V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ra 5 c\u00e2u. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 2: B\u00ean trong v\u1eadt n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua?<\/p>\n\n\n\n A, M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o<\/p>\n\n\n\n B, \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y<\/p>\n\n\n\n C, Chi\u1ebfc pin tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n D, M\u1ea3nh nilon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ecd x\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 3, C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang khi ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n A, \u1eaec quy<\/p>\n\n\n\n B, \u0110inam\u00f4 l\u1eafp \u1edf tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u1ea1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n C, B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n D, Pin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 1: 5 c\u00e2u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n khi s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y qua n\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n Qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 2: \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n B<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e0i 3: \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n C<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ion ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 electron kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh l\u1ef1c Cul\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f2ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a electron b\u00ean trong d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i khi ch\u00fang n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t pin c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch bay ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng electron. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, trong d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ion c\u1ee7a pin\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c proton c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede trong c\u00e1c electron, c\u00e1c plasma\u2026 ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. Ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh l\u00fd: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sinh l\u00fd khi ch\u00fang \u0111i qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111i qua dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ly. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ion \u00e2m v\u00e0 ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb: Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb cho nh\u1eefng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf g\u1ea7n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n Led, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e8n b\u00fat th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean khi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t. Khi v\u1eadt d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c Electron s\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u00f2ng Electron s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n I b\u00ean trong m\u1ea1ch, ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u m\u0169i t\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng tham chi\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n I. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng tham chi\u1ebfu, I s\u1ebd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb b\u1ed5 \u00edch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y. V\u1eadt l\u00fd 7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 nh\u1eb1n, kh\u00f4 khan. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t logic v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e9! Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 tuy v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu xung quanh ch\u00fang ta. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1175"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}