Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u1edbp 9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec ra l\u00e0m sao? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 nh\u00e9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec. C\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec. Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh r\u00eca d\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia s\u00e1ng song song, sau khi \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. B\u1edfi khi tia s\u00e1ng song song \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00f5m. Khi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed \u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt qua k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec ra sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9m tia l\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9m tia l\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia ph\u00e2n k\u00ec, th\u00ec \u1ea3nh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh \u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec? V\u1eadt qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, v\u1eadt s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng quy c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m tia t\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, khi ch\u00f9m tia t\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia ph\u00e2n k\u00ec, v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1eadt. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9m tia t\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u1ea3o. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ghi nh\u1edb. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n tinh \u00fd quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quang t\u00e2m, tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh, ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quang t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 O. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi tia s\u00e1ng khi \u0111i qua quang t\u00e2m O n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111i qua quang t\u00e2m O. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 F v\u00e0 F\u2019. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i qua ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 f. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh t\u1eeb quang t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ee5 l\u00e0 D. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh D=1\/f. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 \u0111iop, hay l\u00e0 dp. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng khi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. \u1ed0ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1eeda duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi \u0111i qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a tia s\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh l\u00ean t\u1ea7m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y tinh m\u1ecfng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i v\u00e0o trong \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n. Qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t qua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, tia \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc \u1edf trong quang ph\u1ed5 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c g\u00f3c l\u1ec7ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c tia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u1ea3nh khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u00e9t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n r\u00eca d\u00f9 cho ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u00ecn chung, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So s\u00e1nh th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec. H\u1ecd cho hay th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c tia \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc, th\u1ebf n\u00ean tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qua cam s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00f2e \u0111i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00f3c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, khi m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m. Th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 m\u1edd t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i tia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng tia kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tia t\u1edbi khi \u0111i song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh, s\u1ebd cho tia l\u00f3 \u0111i qua ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tia s\u1ed1 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tia t\u1edbi khi \u0111i qua quang t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd cho tia l\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tia s\u1ed1 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tia t\u1edbi khi \u0111i qua ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh, s\u1ebd cho tia l\u00f3 \u0111i song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tia s\u1ed1 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111em t\u1edbi cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean chia s\u1ebb cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh nh\u00e9. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ai c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> l\u1edbp 9. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec l\u1edbp 9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n k\u00ec chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1183\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}