Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t. D\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u1eadt l\u00fd 8. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay. C\u00e1c em h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1edd v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh hay ch\u1eadm t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u1eadt. V\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y sinh ra \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c em \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u00f3 trong v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed quanh kh\u1ed1i trung t\u00e2m. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang khi x\u1ea3y ra theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh cho v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ba c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. V\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt. Khi v\u1eadt t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean cao th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi v\u1eadt ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd t\u1ecfa ra theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt thu v\u00e0o hay t\u1ecfa ra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt thu v\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf v\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt t\u0103ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt nh\u1eadn c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00ean v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. V\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q = m.c.\u2206t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 Q ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u hay \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Jun k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 J. C\u00f2n m l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kg. Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u2206t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t b\u1edbt nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sai x\u00f3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i cho s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho s\u1eb5n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c em v\u1eabn s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m. V\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u1eafn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c em th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3, c\u00e1c em n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c em. Vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1eed b\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c em h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t. D\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u1eadt l\u00fd 8. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1233"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1233\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}