Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra trong b\u00e0i h\u00f4m nay. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra cho c\u00e1c em nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111i t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. Nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong v\u1eadt nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u1edf ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi. V\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u1eadt. V\u1eadt lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt n\u00ean v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c em n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng cho v\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u00f3 trong v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ra \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t xung quanh kh\u1ed1i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. C\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay trong ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt m\u1ea5t \u0111i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e0ng cao. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt t\u0103ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadt m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u0169ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00ean v\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o l\u00ean v\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q = m.c.\u2206t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 Q ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Jun \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 J. Khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i, c\u00e1c em n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 J, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd cho s\u1eb5n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd cho d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em t\u00ednh ra \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kg \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2206t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ngay sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh. C\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q thu = Q t\u1ecfa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q thu: l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt khi thu v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q t\u1ecfa: t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt khi t\u1ecfa ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em cho v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 Q thu, Q t\u1ecfa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thay c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u1ea9n c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft c\u00e1c em x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eadt n\u00e0o t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c em m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u: Q = q.m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Q: l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (J).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
q: l\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (J\/kg)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
m: l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd 8. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c em nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00e1c em nh\u1edb quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb5ng l\u1eafp v\u00e0o c\u00f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra trong b\u00e0i h\u00f4m nay. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}