Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y Acsimet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u00ean v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng xoay. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c h\u00fat v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, th\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quay n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hai l\u1ef1c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. L\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c acsimet s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p ngay sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbp 8, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00fang m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. V\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm. Th\u00ec ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, khi ch\u00fang ta \u1ea5n ch\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. V\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ch\u00ecm ngay m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean. Th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt. V\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00fang ch\u00ecm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nh\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec l\u1ef1c acsimet s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m. T\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c acsimet t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa c\u00e1 hay sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c si m\u00e9t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hay c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau: FA = d.V<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 FA ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c acsimet hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch V m\u00e0 v\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Khi v\u1eadt ch\u00ecm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ca n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y, ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ednh ra ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c em l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c acsimet ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 N. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m3. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 N\/m3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb v\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu cho bi\u1ebft Vn\u1ed5i th\u00ec Vch\u00ecm = Vv\u1eadt \u2013 Vn\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu cho bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u cao h ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ecm c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) th\u00ec Vch\u00ecm=S\u0111\u00e1y.h<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu cho bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u00ecm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u00ec Vch\u00ecm = Vv\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c em h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc theo d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00f3. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ecm c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c em bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt khi ch\u01b0a nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt khi nh\u00fang v\u00e0o trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, khi v\u1eadt r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i cho v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: FA = P \u2013 P1<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c em d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
FA = d.V \u21d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i l\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang ch\u00ecm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang ch\u00ecm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang ch\u00ecm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c-si-m\u00e9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u00c1c si m\u00e9t<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y acsimet m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m b\u00e0i theo d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c em n\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9o nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eeb<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trung-hoc","category-vat-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1251"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1251\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1251"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}