Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non bao g\u1ed3m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Gi\u00fap con kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Vietlearn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb theo th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 17 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 \u00fd ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quen, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd l\u00e0m quen, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Hay \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. D\u1ef1a theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfm, so s\u00e1nh,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u1ebb \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i m\u1ea7m non th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, gia \u0111\u00ecnh,\u2026 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 t\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. L\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 suy logic v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng cho tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Piaget, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 \u1edf tr\u1ebb. 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 0 \u2013 2 tu\u1ed5i. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c em b\u00e9 trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1edd, ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ng\u1eadm trong mi\u1ec7ng. Tr\u1ebb 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi nghe th\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh. Hay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n thao t\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 2 tu\u1ed5i cho t\u1edbi 7 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Piaget coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ba m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 2 \u2013 3 tu\u1ed5i: Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u \u0111i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u1ebb 2- 3 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ebb 3-4 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfm v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 4- 5 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, chau d\u1ed3i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2 tu\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 7 \u2013 11 tu\u1ed5i. Piaget g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u2013 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 12 tr\u1edf n\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng khi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 si\u00eau ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m xung quanh, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb. V\u1eady, ba m\u1eb9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vietlearn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb. Trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ba m\u1eb9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. Ba m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i trang website ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Vietlearn. Ch\u00fac ba m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng<\/a> m\u1edbi. Vietlearn r\u1ea5t vui khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ecdi ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con. \u0110\u1ec3 Vietlearn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non bao g\u1ed3m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb. Gi\u00fap con kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tieu-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1277"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1277\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}