T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Radium l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cb\u1ec1n\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cbi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t\u201d, b\u1ecb \u201cph\u00e2n r\u00e3\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed khi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f3ng ra \u201ctia\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nhanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng nhanh, c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t radium th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng tia c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0i ho\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ea5t radium bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 1590 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda gram radium s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 1590 n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, radium bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d4ng b\u00e0 Curie \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra uradium. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft uradium ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c tia kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t polonium, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t radium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Radium ph\u00f3ng ra ba lo\u1ea1i tia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 tia alpha, tia b\u00e9ta v\u00e0 tia gamma. Tia gamma l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i h\u00e9lium. Tia b\u00e9ta l\u00e0 electron chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t. Tia gamma c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tia X nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tia n\u00e0o trong ba tia n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d (atomic transmutation).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum Radium l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u \u201cb\u1ec1n\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13532\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}