{"id":13536,"date":"2021-11-27T12:49:05","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=13536"},"modified":"2021-11-27T12:49:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:49:46","slug":"31-phong-xa-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/31-phong-xa-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 &#8211; Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u00ec ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Th\u1eed bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecfi ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 gi\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Trong h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m. Xoay quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh theo m\u1ed9t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nucleus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 1, 2, 3\u2026 h\u1ea1t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u00f3ng ra m\u1ed9t hay hai h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng ph\u00f3ng ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tia (tia gamma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u201clo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf\u201d c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cph\u00e2n r\u00e3\u201d. Khi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch, b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng ra th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t (nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1) radium &#8211; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 &#8211; ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u201cb\u1eafn\u201d v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 &#8211; v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 &#8211; b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb b\u1eafn c\u0169ng ph\u00f3ng ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u201cM\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ta h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng ra t\u1eeb \u201cm\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n\u201d. Khi h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y b\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1ea5y b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3, \u201c\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i\u201d da, h\u1ed3ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, tuy v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i r\u1ea5t s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 s\u01a1 s\u1ea9y th\u00ec kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi tai h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 &#8211; Arkady Leokum Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng v\u00ec ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Th\u1eed bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13536","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13536"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13536\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}