{"id":13551,"date":"2021-11-27T12:50:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=13551"},"modified":"2021-11-27T12:50:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:50:08","slug":"dat-duoc-cau-tao-bang-chat-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/dat-duoc-cau-tao-bang-chat-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 &#8211; Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt (soil). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1eabn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t. \u0111\u1ea5t (tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 li ti v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 li ti \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 theo th\u1eddi gian. Trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi b\u0103ng h\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1eeba b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i tr\u00f2n, nh\u1eb5n th\u00edn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u0103ng h\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c s\u00f3ng b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan, c\u0169ng b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t ra l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 \u201cgi\u00e3n n\u1edf\u201d. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 \u201cco l\u1ea1i\u201d. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cco gi\u00e3n\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t ra. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khe \u0111\u00f3, g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch khi\u1ebfn cho v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o khe \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, l\u1edbn l\u00ean. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t ra. Gi\u00f3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 m\u00f2n \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ecbn li ti kia c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u201cm\u00f9n\u201d. M\u00f9n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 do x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. Nh\u1edd vi khu\u1ea9n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u00f9n\u201d. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cm\u00f9n\u201d. L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t\u201d (subsoil) g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i. L\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ec1n\u201d (bedrock). L\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 &#8211; Arkady Leokum C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13551"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13551\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}