T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh canh, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n trong t\u1eebng n\u0103m. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u01b0u \u00fd xem c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y gi\u1eefa hai kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng trong n\u0103m l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Nil d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Nil d\u00e2ng l\u00ean n\u0103m nay \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Nil d\u00e2ng l\u00ean n\u0103m sau c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 12 l\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n. H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 12 th\u00e1ng (ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 moon: m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng – month: th\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Nil d\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m sau, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 365 ng\u00e0y. V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng 600 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 365 ng\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp chia ra l\u00e0m 12 th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 30 ng\u00e0y, n\u0103m ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n d\u01b0 t\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed1n l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n, tr\u0103ng khuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y (365 1\/4) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t xoay \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. L\u1ecbch n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch\u201d (solar calendar) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u201c\u00e2m l\u1ecbch\u201d l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. C\u00e1i s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 1\/4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Sau c\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf La M\u00e3 l\u00e0 Julius Caesar quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho xong. \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00f9\u201d l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1eddi gian l\u1ee5n v\u1ee5n 1\/4 ng\u00e0y t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o t\u1edbi gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh n\u0103m 46 tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 445 ng\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 365 ng\u00e0y tr\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 b\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. N\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 366 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gom th\u1eddi gian \u201cd\u01b0\u201d l\u1ee5n v\u1ee5n 1\/4 c\u1ee7a ba n\u0103m kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1c m\u00f9a. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7\u201d ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u0103m 1582 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gregory XIII quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u1edbt r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng ra l\u1ec7nh x\u00e9n b\u1edbt 10 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1582. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ecbch \u0111i \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 365 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u201cnhu\u1ea7n\u201d c\u00f3 366 ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 2 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m nhu\u1ea7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 29 ng\u00e0y. V\u1eady n\u0103m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m nhu\u1ea7n? \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m chia \u0111\u00fang cho 4. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 1764, 1828, 1980 ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m c\u00f3 hai s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 0 v\u00e0 2 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang chia \u0111\u00fang cho 4. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1600, 2000, 2400 tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1700, 1800, 1900.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ecbch n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch Gregory \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nhi\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn theo hai th\u1ee9 l\u1ecbch: d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay l\u1ecbch phong t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh canh, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n trong t\u1eebng n\u0103m. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u01b0u \u00fd xem c\u00f3 bao […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13588\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}