T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u00e2m (t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 hay b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i con h\u01b0\u01a1u treo \u1edf b\u00eca r\u1eebng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng s\u0103n h\u01b0\u01a1u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t\u201d. V\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t cao ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon, Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Trung Hoa c\u1ed5. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, thay v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea5y v\u1ebd ra th\u00ec ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n c\u00e1i \u00fd c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u201c\u0111i b\u1ed9\u201d. Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u1ef1 (idea writing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd r\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u201csai\u201d. B\u1edfi v\u1eady ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00e0i d\u00e0i. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u00fd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u00e2m \u201cam\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay (arm) th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u201cid\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ghi \u00e2m \u201cam\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u201cid\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh. Th\u1eadt ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m 24 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed7i \u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 Ai C\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng 3500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ra d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng \u00e2m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicien (m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc d\u00e2n c\u1ed5 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i B\u1eafc Phi ng\u00e0y nay) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu t\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phoenicien d\u00e2n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i – \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00eam b\u1edbt, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u qua v\u0103n t\u1ef1 La tinh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 ta d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u00e2m (t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13592"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13592\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}