T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfng La tinh \u201cpenicullus\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i nh\u1ecf. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf. T\u1eeb \u201cpencil\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef La tinh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb \u201cpencil\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n. C\u00e1i b\u00fat ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1ch nay h\u01a1n n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u1edf v\u00f9ng Cumberland, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i than \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 than ch\u00ec (graphite). V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1760, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Nuremberg b\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Faber \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than ch\u00ec nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00fat vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1795, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Conte \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng than ch\u00ec nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t r\u1ed3i \u0111em \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00fat vi\u1ebft. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00fat ch\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a N.J.Conte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u201cch\u00ec\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong c\u00e1i b\u00fat ch\u00ec \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ed \u201cch\u00ec\u201d n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cthan graphite\u201d. Than graphite c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00ec l\u00e0 khi v\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft \u0111en \u0111en, v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00fat ch\u00ec \u0111en\u201d, n\u00f3i t\u1eaft l\u00e0 b\u00fat ch\u00ec. \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00fat ch\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf – \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn – than graphite v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u00fat ch\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0ng \u00edt \u0111en. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u graphite th\u00ec c\u00e0ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Khi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c, d\u1ebbo th\u00ec cho v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh th\u1ecfi nh\u1ecf, d\u00e0i, c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn t\u00f9y \u00fd, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cru\u1ed9t\u201d vi\u1ebft ch\u00ec. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u201cv\u1ecf\u201d vi\u1ebft ch\u00ec. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng hay g\u1ed7 s\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ecf. V\u1ecf g\u1ed3m hai m\u1ea3nh. \u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda m\u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00e0o m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u201cru\u1ed9t ch\u00ec\u201d. D\u00e1n ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 gh\u00e9p hai m\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i. Trau chu\u1ed1t, s\u01a1n ph\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 300 th\u1ee9 b\u00fat ch\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua b\u00fat ch\u00ec \u0111en v\u1edbi 19 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua b\u00fat ch\u00ec v\u1edbi 72 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ch\u00ec d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfng, tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i, tr\u00ean b\u0103ng keo, tr\u00ean plastic v\u00e0 tr\u00ean\u2026 phim \u1ea3nh. C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ch\u00ec cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u00e3i n\u1eafng d\u1ea7m m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng phai m\u1edd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum Ti\u1ebfng La tinh \u201cpenicullus\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i nh\u1ecf. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf. T\u1eeb \u201cpencil\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef La tinh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13598\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}