T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea7m t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y, x\u00e9 theo hai chi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong hai chi\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 b\u1ecb t\u01b0a l\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf li ti. \u201cNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u201d th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t cho ta bi\u1ebft: gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y th\u00ec gi\u1ea5y x\u00e9 chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u201cNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u201d th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf d\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t cellulose th\u1eadt nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng cellulose n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201ckhu\u00f4n, h\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y. C\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng 4000 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y papyrus (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3i – ND), \u0111\u1eadp d\u1eadp r\u1ed3i c\u00e1n m\u1ecfng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp d\u1ecdc, l\u1edbp ngang, ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, c\u00e1n cho m\u1ecfng n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i \u0111em ph\u01a1i. Khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4, ch\u00fang d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh t\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5y\u201d theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i L\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra gi\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecf c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m. \u00d4ng ta l\u1ea5y v\u1ecf ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m, ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc cho r\u1eefa ra th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u1ed3 l\u00ean c\u00e1i nia v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i th\u1eadt m\u1ecfng v\u1ecf d\u00e2u t\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2m r\u1eefa l\u00ean, khi kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t nia. \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y. V\u1ec1 sau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00eam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 tre, gi\u1ebb r\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, h\u1ecd \u0111i xa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn kinh th\u00e0nh Samarkand b\u00ean Trung \u00c1. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd b\u00ed quy\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 R\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111em b\u00ed quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sang t\u1eadn T\u00e2y Ban Nha. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea5y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1798, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 1 – Arkady Leokum C\u1ea7m t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y, x\u00e9 theo hai chi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong hai chi\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 b\u1ecb t\u01b0a l\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf li ti. \u201cNh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u201d th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13600\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}