T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 2 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2026 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ch\u1eb3ng ai nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusion).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (illusion) v\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c (hallucination). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n k\u00edch th\u00edch con m\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1c quan. \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111ang tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Alberto, n\u00ean khi g\u1eb7p ch\u1eef albatros (con chim h\u1ea3i \u00e2u) c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh alberto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c hay th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. Hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00ednh b\u00ean trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u201d, t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh \u201cch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, t\u00f9y theo n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u1ea2o gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u1ea7m, ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau la, ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang \u0111\u00ec \u0111\u00f9ng. Lo\u1ea1i \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 cho r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t quang c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, d\u1eef t\u1ee3n \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u1ecd. \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c, x\u00fac gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang b\u00f2 nh\u1ed3n nh\u1ed9t tr\u00ean da m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda qu\u00e1 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ee9ng \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 do s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch, s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y ng\u1ea5t (extasy) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 2 – Arkady Leokum Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2026 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u00ec anh ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u201d nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13907\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}