T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 2 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ng 2-1943, ngay tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y: s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00fai phun l\u1eeda. Ch\u1ec9 trong ba th\u00e1ng, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n cao h\u01a1n 300 m\u00e9t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00ec tro v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda (\u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00fai l\u1eeda? Ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao. Ch\u1ec9 s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 60km th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00e1 \u201cn\u1edf\u201d ra, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian. \u1ede m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, n\u00fai \u0111ang b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb n\u00fai n\u00e2ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ph\u00eda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y – ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cmagma\u201d – s\u1ebd tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 theo nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ph\u00eda b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1eb7n b\u00ean tr\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u201cmagma\u201d li\u1ec1n theo k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t v\u1ecdt l\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong khi n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (phun l\u1eeda) th\u00ec h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u201cmagma\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb phun ra. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb phun ra n\u00e0y t\u1ee5 quanh mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i n\u00f3n h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p. Mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 th\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a \u201cmagma\u201d. Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u201cdung nham\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt, tro c\u0169ng b\u1ecb phun ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1eefa. Dung nham ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u201cmagma\u201d (\u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y) do n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra. Khi dung nham l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t \u201cmagma\u201d bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u201cdung nham\u201d (lava).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 2 – Arkady Leokum Th\u00e1ng 2-1943, ngay tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp, m\u1ed9t n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y: s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00fai phun l\u1eeda. Ch\u1ec9 trong ba th\u00e1ng, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eafp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13994,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13993\/revisions\/13994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}