{"id":14387,"date":"2021-11-27T15:08:43","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:08:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=14387"},"modified":"2021-11-27T15:08:44","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:08:44","slug":"tai-sao-qua-chuong-tu-do-lai-bi-nut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/tai-sao-qua-chuong-tu-do-lai-bi-nut\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao \u201cqu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do\u201d l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 &#8211; Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. Ngay khi qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 Do\u201d, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100 tu\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng cho danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t r\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac b\u00ean Anh theo \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i bang Pennsylvania (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cbang\u201d theo ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n nay) \u0111\u1ec3 treo t\u1ea1i State House (Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u bang, nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp). L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, chu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cChu\u00f4ng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u bang\u201d (State House Bell). Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra n\u0103m 1752.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean &#8211; (n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d v\u00ec chu\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00e0y v\u1ed3\u201d nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u chu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t ngay b\u00ean trong ru\u1ed9t chu\u00f4ng &#8211; ND) &#8211; th\u00ec chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111em \u0111\u00fac n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i treo \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1753.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1776, chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng ng\u00e0y qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u0103m 1783, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, chu\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, chu\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung l\u00ean v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp long tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 7 chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u00e0y sinh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m (ng\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0129 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u0103m 1835, chu\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t khi \u0111ang rung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n T\u00f2a T\u1ed1i cao Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n t\u00ean l\u00e0 John Marshall v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cgi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en\u201d. V\u00ec r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 da \u0111en n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d kia danh x\u01b0ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cChu\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 Do\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1845-1846, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgia c\u1ed1\u201d l\u1ea1i chu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1846, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t khi rung l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng George Washington. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u201ch\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa\u201d. Sau c\u00f9ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111em treo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t trong t\u00f2a \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1915.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 &#8211; Arkady Leokum C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. Ngay khi qu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac ra, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3 chu\u00f4ng T\u1ef1 Do\u201d, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14387"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14388,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14387\/revisions\/14388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}