T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ef3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u1ec1n li\u1ec1n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed lu\u00f4n cung c\u1ea5p cho ta nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u00f3 th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cchia\u201d ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng nay th\u00ec ta bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m t\u1edbi 20 h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n (electron) bao quanh. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cproton\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cneutron\u201d. Bao quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u201celectron\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb \u201cr\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n\u201d th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng (ra) n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1edf m\u00e0n cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi h\u1ea1t proton c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb \u201cph\u00e1 v\u1ee1\u201d hay l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m \u201c\u0111\u1ea1n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Khi \u201cdeutron\u201d (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 deuterium) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec5n ra trong nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o. Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1ea5y b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c l\u00fac ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i h\u1ea1t trong nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00f3ng ra nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u1eafn ph\u00e1\u201d nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201ccyclotron\u201d. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho proton ho\u1eb7c deutron chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e1y \u201cbetatron\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201csynchrotron\u201d m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 – Arkady Leokum Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ef3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u1ec1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14427"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14428,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14427\/revisions\/14428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}