{"id":14455,"date":"2021-11-27T15:13:14","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=14455"},"modified":"2021-11-27T15:13:16","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:13:16","slug":"giat-kho-la-giat-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/giat-kho-la-giat-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1eb7t \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 &#8211; Arkady Leokum \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0111\u00fang! Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo b\u1ea1n, gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ebft d\u01a1, b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1, b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111em gi\u1eb7t \u201c\u01b0\u1edbt\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb phai m\u00e0u, b\u1ecb co cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4. Len, l\u1ee5a, satin, nhung ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111em gi\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft x\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4, thay v\u00ec \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan m\u1ee1, d\u1ea7u b\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. Khi gi\u1eb7t \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t \u201cu\u1edbt\u201d th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Thay v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a tan (solvent). M\u00e1y c\u0169ng \u201cqu\u1eady\u201d cho ch\u1ea5t dung d\u1ecbch ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a sang b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (filter) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i cho v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u201cqu\u1eady\u201d. Ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng, b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e0i \u0111i x\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0i. Ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y (detergent) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong m\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan pha l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y qu\u1eady nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eb9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea9y h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u201cgi\u0169\u201d trong ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan, kh\u00f4ng pha ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u0169\u201d trong ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a qua m\u00e1y quay ly t\u00e2m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cv\u1eaft\u201d h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a qua \u201ch\u1ea5p\u201d b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng. Ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i. Ch\u01b0a xong, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a qua b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft d\u01a1 n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y k\u1ef3 h\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y cho b\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra xem v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ecb lem ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng. Sau c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111em \u1ee7i. B\u00e0n \u1ee7i th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y \u00e9p h\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n \u1ee7i tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ec7m gi\u1eb7t \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1845 t\u1ea1i Paris. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan thay v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 turpentin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch v\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1690!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 4 &#8211; Arkady Leokum \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0111\u00fang! Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo b\u1ea1n, gi\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ebft d\u01a1, b\u1ea9n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14455"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14456,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14455\/revisions\/14456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}