{"id":14564,"date":"2021-11-27T15:34:46","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=14564"},"modified":"2021-11-27T15:34:47","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:34:47","slug":"tru-sinh-penicillin-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/tru-sinh-penicillin-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u1ee5 sinh &#8211; penicillin l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 &#8211; Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cdt c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng mau l\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 \u201cp\u00e9nicillin\u201d. N\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d x\u1ea3y ra ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Penicillin l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n. P\u00e9- nicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i \u201cn\u1ea5m\u201d. \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt li ti c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng sinh ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb g\u00ec. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1877, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean l\u00e0 Louis Pasteur kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. Th\u1eadt ra \u201cn\u1ea5m\u201d, \u201cm\u1ed1c\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u201cn\u1ea5m, m\u1ed1c\u201d ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1928, ng\u00e0i Alexander Fleming l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cp\u00e9nicil- lin\u201d. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mau l\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i \u201cn\u1ea5m\u201d s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vi tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i vi tr\u00f9ng \u201cl\u00e0nh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn p\u00e9- nicillin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 di\u1ec7t vi tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec lo\u1ea1i kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e9nicillin t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i vi tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u201chi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 s\u01a1 s\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecb b\u00e1ch b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. P\u00e9nicillin c\u00f3 ba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi tr\u00f9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi tr\u00f9ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i vi tr\u00f9ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, trong v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 vi tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 &#8211; Arkady Leokum \u00cdt c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng mau l\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 \u201cp\u00e9nicillin\u201d. N\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d x\u1ea3y ra [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14565,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14564\/revisions\/14565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}