T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u201cn\u00e9on\u201d d\u00e0i 1,2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1ec3, ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i \u201cd\u00e2y t\u00f3c\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00f2n, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00f3 hai s\u1ee3i \u201cd\u00e2y t\u00f3c\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng hai s\u1ee3i \u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhau c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadn. V\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 ch\u00e1y th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u201cv\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00f2n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d v\u1ec1 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u201cn\u00e9on\u201d l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng. \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u00f3n \u0111\u00e8n \u201ctr\u00f2n\u201d. S\u1ee3i \u201cd\u00e2y t\u00f3c\u201d b\u1eb1ng tun-ten b\u1ecb \u201cnung \u0111\u1ecf\u201d r\u1ef1c: n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng. Ta v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u201ch\u1ea7u h\u1ebft\u201d ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt tr\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt nhi\u1ec7t). N\u00f3 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm \u201cnh\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0o n\u00f3. Tia s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u201ck\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chu\u1ef3nh quang\u201d (fluorescence).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1eef \u201cfluorescence\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u201cfluorspar\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hu\u1ef3nh quang b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang khi n\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang khi n\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c. Ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c – d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn – ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u201cph\u1ed1t pho\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 tia k\u00edch th\u00edch \u201cnh\u1eadp\u201d v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u201cti\u1ebfp thu\u201d. Tia \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ra \u201cb\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d. Sau khi ch\u1ecbu k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn th\u00ec ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201ch\u00fat\u201d nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201chu\u1ef3nh quang\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady, \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u01a1i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng tube. m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ch\u1ea1y qua \u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm. Th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tube \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed1t pho n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u201cb\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d. V\u00e0, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hu\u1ef3nh quang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ef3nh quang. B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang b\u1ec1n g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n theo nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u. Do nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Khi c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u201cn\u00e9on\u201d d\u00e0i 1,2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb b\u1ec3, ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i \u201cd\u00e2y t\u00f3c\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u00f2n, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14571,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14570\/revisions\/14571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}