T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m 8% l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m kh\u01a1i kh\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hay k\u1ebft t\u1ea7ng, k\u1ebft t\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111em v\u1ec1, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 s\u01a1 r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, r\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u201c\u0111i \u0111\u00f4i\u201d v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1eaft c\u1eb7p\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch nh\u00f4m ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u201cb\u1ea1n b\u00e8\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. V\u1eady m\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 23-3-1886, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ean l\u00e0 Charles Martin Hall m\u1edbi c\u00f3 22 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ra ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi. \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00f4m th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1o thi\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu g\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng, m\u1ecf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ecf, qu\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, moi n\u00f3 l\u00ean, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng, c\u00e1i h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00e1c xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Charles Martin Hall l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u00d4ng nung ch\u1ea3y \u201ccryolite\u201d (qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00f4m) tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m oxide r\u1ed3i cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua. L\u00e1t sau c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u201cn\u00fam\u201d nh\u00f4m nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00f4m tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh kim, ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng 1\/3 s\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, t\u00e1n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. Tr\u1eeb phi b\u1ecb t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i ba lo\u1ea1i acid, nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n (s\u00e9t r\u1ec9) trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu pha th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u00f4m tr\u1edf n\u00ean dai h\u01a1n, c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh nh\u00f4m nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh pha tr\u00e0. \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m th\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ch\u00f9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng lo\u00e1ng, s\u1ea1ch boong m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i xoong b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. (N\u1ea5u \u0103n m\u00e0 l\u1ee1 c\u00f3 sulfat \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cteng\u201d xanh xanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebft l\u1eafm. V\u00ec sulfat \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c\u2026 chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5y). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 quanh qu\u1ea9n \u1edf nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng n\u1eefa k\u00eca. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e9t r\u1ec9 \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00ean h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ee5ng: th\u00e2n m\u00e1y bay, c\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay, t\u00ean l\u1eeda\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 h\u01a1n tr\u0103m t\u1ea7ng kia \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i t\u0103ng. T\u00e1n nhuy\u1ec5n nh\u1eeb ra, nh\u00f4m l\u00e0m s\u01a1n r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ea5y g\u00f3i k\u1eb9o, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ea5y! C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean tivi, cassete, m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m 8% l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m kh\u01a1i kh\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hay k\u1ebft t\u1ea7ng, k\u1ebft t\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14596"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14597,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14596\/revisions\/14597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}