T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, thau, b\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfng soi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1300 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Venice b\u00ean \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ki\u1ebfng soi l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc. Ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c ki\u1ebfng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 ki\u1ebfng soi b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ebfng soi l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o g\u00ec l\u1eafm. N\u0103m 1691, t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf th\u1ee7y tinh t\u1ea5m. Th\u1ee7y tinh t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfng soi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1edbp b\u1ea1c m\u1ecfng ph\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfc – th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfc – th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 tr\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec l\u1edbp tr\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c mau l\u1eb9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng 5 ly d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfng soi r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ki\u1ebfng. M\u00e9p ki\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1ecbn, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u201ctr\u00e1ng th\u1ee7y\u201d, m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch. K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n l\u00f3t cho \u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u1ed3m am\u00f4ni\u1eafc, acid tar- taric v\u00e0 nitrat b\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfng. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t ki\u1ebfng. Sau c\u00f9ng, ph\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n nh\u1ef1a \u201cshellac\u201d, th\u1ee9 s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb acid t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea1c b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, ki\u1ebfng soi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 soi m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfng chi\u1ebfu h\u1eadu \u1edf c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i x\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda sau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi l\u00f9i, quay xe. C\u00e1c nha s\u0129 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfng soi nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i r\u0103ng h\u00e0m tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 ki\u1ebfng soi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ccon m\u1eaft\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng – h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh – tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1m v\u1ecdng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ckh\u00fac x\u1ea1\u201d xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n v\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c thu l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tia \u201ckh\u00fac x\u1ea1\u201d tr\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n. Ki\u1ebfng soi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n, \u0111\u00e8n pha, \u0111\u00e8n r\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e8n xe h\u01a1i\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfng l\u00f5m b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng l\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i th\u1eadt xa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum T\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, thau, b\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfng soi. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1300 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14609,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14608\/revisions\/14609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}