T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1938 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i nylon. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i \u201ch\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf li ti\u201d (molecules) l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong cao su v\u00e0o b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y l\u00fac l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o. \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng k\u00e9o th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 dai h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t \u201cv\u1ea3i\u201d kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eed ti\u1ebfp. Sau t\u00e1m n\u0103m th\u1eed t\u1edbi th\u1eed lui, h\u1ecd loan b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 s\u1ee3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nylon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nylon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: carbon, hydro, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 oxy. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n carbon th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb than \u0111\u00e1, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 oxy th\u00ec l\u1ea5y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 hydro th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ra nylon t\u1eeb kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, tr\u1ea5u l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00f5i b\u1eafp!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nylon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p hai lo\u1ea1i \u201ch\u1ea1t\u201d v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cmu\u1ed1i nylon\u201d. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nung trong n\u1ed3i cao \u00e1p, \u201cmu\u1ed1i nylon\u201d l\u1ea1i \u201cc\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i\u201d v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u201cchu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t\u201d g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5t polymer\u201d. Ch\u1ea5t polymer khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ec1n s\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ea3y qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf li ti th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i. Khi ngu\u1ed9i, s\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d ra. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i li ti n\u00e0y \u201cse\u201d l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t, hai, ba s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y se l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u0111em d\u1ec7t ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u201cv\u1ea3i\u201d nylon b\u1ec1n, ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1938 l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i nylon. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i \u201ch\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14616"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14650,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14616\/revisions\/14650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}