{"id":14622,"date":"2021-11-27T15:38:37","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=14622"},"modified":"2021-11-27T15:38:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T08:38:38","slug":"but-chi-mau-duoc-che-tao-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/but-chi-mau-duoc-che-tao-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf li ti sinh s\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cforaminifera\u201d (tr\u00f9ng l\u1ed7) c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4i. Khi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt li ti n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft, x\u00e1c n\u00f3 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, v\u1ecf nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u00edch t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y d\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau (xi m\u0103ng h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i x\u1ed1p ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccraie\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cchalk\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u201ccrayon\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u201d (n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 son t\u00e0u) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u201ccrayon\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t (clay) pha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u t\u00f9y \u00fd. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh. \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9p b\u00fat ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0u. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ch\u00ec \u0111en v\u1ebd tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ch\u00ec \u0111en \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean l\u00e0 Watteau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng \u201cb\u00fat ch\u00ec\u201d m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf – b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t t\u00e0i hoa b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y – \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n th\u1eed noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i danh h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 Holbein, Van Dyck, Titian v\u00e0 Tintoretto s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u xem sao. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i danh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u201cb\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u\u201d m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5y. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 Raphael, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u201cb\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0u danh mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf li ti sinh s\u1ed1ng. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cforaminifera\u201d (tr\u00f9ng l\u1ed7) c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4i. Khi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14622","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14622"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14623,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14622\/revisions\/14623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}