T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n s\u00f3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111au, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede Hy L\u1ea1p ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c y s\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u201ch\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1\u201d \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u201ctr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh. Sau n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u1ec7nh x\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng qu\u0129. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cb\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n\u201d. Khi \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nam n\u1eef tu s\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y t\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eadp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u201cth\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xa x\u00f4i, d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd nh\u1ecf d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n tr\u1ecd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chospitalia\u201d do ti\u1ebfng La tinh \u201chospes\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch\u201d, \u201chospitalia\u201d l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au y\u1ebfu, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadt. V\u00ec v\u1eady, danh x\u01b0ng \u201chospitalia\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 hospital) tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, \u0111au y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh l\u1eafm, n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u201chospitalia\u201d v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Nhi\u1ec1u khi, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u201chospitalia\u201d n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn hai ho\u1eb7c ba b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m chung m\u1ed9t gi\u01b0\u1eddng. Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111au y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII th\u00ec \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do Cortes – nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha – thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Mexico City v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1524. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba Anh, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3o Manhattan (Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1663 v\u00e0 do\u2026 C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea4n (East India Company).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n s\u00f3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111au, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14662,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14661\/revisions\/14662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}