T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc!\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, k\u1ef3 b\u00ed l\u1eafm \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u do \u201cnung ch\u1ea3y\u201d m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u \u201ct\u1ef1 do v\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u00c0, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 95% nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1ee7y tinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1t silic, soda, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, borat, acid boric, magnesium oxide v\u00e0 oxide ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y tinh hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y tinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kho\u1ea3ng 450 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u201cv\u1ecdt l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0o ra\u201d v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t qua n\u00fai l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c ph\u00fan th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a silic v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1. \u201cTh\u1ee7y tinh\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1 v\u1ecf chai\u201d (obsidian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y tinh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t, \u201c\u0111\u00e1\u201d trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 chai l\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng chai \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nay 3.500 n\u0103m. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ee7y tinh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u201cth\u1ed5i\u201d th\u1ee7y tinh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1ee7y tinh. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh – x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n – th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn v\u1eady. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ef1ng trong bao, th\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111ong, pha ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u201cm\u1ebb\u201d (\u0111\u1ee3t). Th\u1ee7y tinh c\u0169, b\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee7y tinh v\u1ee5n\u201d (cullet) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o tr\u1ed9n chung v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u mau ch\u1ea3y. Khi tr\u1ed9n xong, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o l\u00f2 nung. Khi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ngu\u1ed9i b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ed5i, \u00e9p, m\u00e0i, c\u1eaft, kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1m\u2026 th\u00ec t\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum Ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc!\u201d. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14701"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14702,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14701\/revisions\/14702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}