T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng? \u0102n \u1edf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t alkali v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u. Khi hai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n chung v\u00e0 \u0111un l\u00ean, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u1eady th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng, alkali l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eady? L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u00f4\u0111a ho\u1eb7c p\u00f4t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u00e1m tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u201cb\u1ec3 ra\u201d th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cs\u1eefa\u201d – n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, thn\u00e0h ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa – v\u00e0 b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u201cl\u00e0m tr\u01a1n\u201d c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ee5i, m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1n \u0111i. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u201d (surface – tension) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp phim m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. \u201cS\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u201d n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o trong, ng\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, ng\u1ea5m xung quanh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, m\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf li ti (ph\u00e2n t\u1eed) b\u00e1m tr\u00ean da, tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u201cs\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cbao v\u00e2y\u201d ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ee5i, m\u1ee1, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang s\u0169ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i r\u00e3 ra theo n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4i \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cdetergent\u201d. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c La tinh l\u00e0 \u201cdeterge- re\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch\u201d. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t \u201cdetergent\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u201cdetergent\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1i t\u00ean ng\u1ed9 ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u201cwetting agent\u201d (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt\u201d) \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201csoapless soap\u201d (x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u201cs\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i, m\u1ee1 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u201ct\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u, kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, b\u1ed9t lau ki\u1ebfng. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ecd r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u201cabrasive\u201d (l\u00e0m cho x\u01a1 ra, m\u00f2n \u0111i). X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u201cnaphtha\u201d ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t naphthalin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c. X\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u201csaddle\u201d khi kh\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201cs\u00e1p\u201d tr\u00ean da, x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng \u201ccastile\u201d l\u00e0 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u \u201c\u00f4 liu\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 5 – Arkady Leokum B\u1ea1n th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng? \u0102n \u1edf s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 b\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14722,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14721\/revisions\/14722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}