T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 6 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khu v\u1ef1c tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1t quanh n\u0103m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ao h\u1ed3. Bi\u1ec3n Caspien l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3n Caspien m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ed3 Caspien\u201d? Ba ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Caspien l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y Caspien c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ee7y v\u0103n bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd n\u1eefa l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch Caspien qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Nam \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc kho\u1ea3ng 1200 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 350 kil\u00f4m\u00e9t, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 440 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n Caspien m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 Caspien. Caspien l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ra bi\u1ec3n, l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u1eb1m trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a trong n\u0103m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i; n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao b\u1edfi b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m n\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 28,5 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3n Caspien c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean nhanh v\u00e0 r\u00fat nhanh. 4000-6000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 cao h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 20 m\u00e9t. Trong kho\u1ea3ng 50 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1929 \u0111\u1ebfn 1977, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n \u1edf xu th\u1ebf h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt 55 ng\u00e0n kil\u00f4m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng. Sau n\u0103m 1977, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i d\u00e2ng l\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 Caspien l\u00ean hay xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Volga ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt, sau n\u0103m 1977, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Volga ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n Caspien gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t d\u00e2ng l\u00ean; sau khi nham th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n ra, l\u1ea1i h\u00fat v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ec3n Caspien l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nga, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn tham quan. Chung quanh Caspien t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00ed phong ph\u00fa, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ec9a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do Caspien l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn cho n\u00ean Caspien c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nga. 440.000 km2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
240.000 km2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
220.000 km2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 6 – Arkady Leokum Khu v\u1ef1c tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1t quanh n\u0103m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ao h\u1ed3. Bi\u1ec3n Caspien l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng th\u1ea5p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14867"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14868,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14867\/revisions\/14868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}