T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 6 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t \u00edt nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cmangan k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u201d, n\u00f3 \u201csinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng mangan l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee1, x\u00e1c c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 bao quanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u; sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00e2n mangan (mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n). Tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n kim lo\u1ea1i phong ph\u00fa ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00e2n mangan trong bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 3000 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n, ri\u00eang \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng co 1700 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Nam B\u0103ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 10 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mangan h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf \u201cs\u1ed1ng\u201d khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u1eb7ng kim lo\u1ea1i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00e2n mangan d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1-20 cm, m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0u \u0111en, n\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u g\u1ee5. Mangan v\u00e0 s\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng nh\u00e2n mangan, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, nicken, cobalt,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng luy\u1ec7n \u201cth\u00e9p mangan\u201d \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 400 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n mangan, luy\u1ec7n \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9\u201d c\u1ea7n 16,4 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n nicken, luy\u1ec7n \u201cth\u00e9p si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng\u201d d\u00f9ng 5,8 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n cobalt, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u1ea7n 8,8 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n\u2026 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n, m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1872, chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 mang t\u00ean \u201ck\u1ebb khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn\u201d c\u1ee7a Anh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra qu\u1eb7ng mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1eb7ng mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a mangan, s\u1eaft do l\u00fai l\u1eeda phun ra, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mangan v\u00e0 s\u1eaft do n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng mang theo khi ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e1ng 3\/1978, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n 5000m, \u1edf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u00fat kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e9p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c qu\u1eb7ng mangan k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t 40t\u1ea5n\/h.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 6 – Arkady Leokum Ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t \u00edt nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cmangan k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u201d, n\u00f3 \u201csinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng mangan l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee1, x\u00e1c c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14955"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14956,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14955\/revisions\/14956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}