T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 7 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy ch\u00fang ta c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed3i gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m (drosophila) – ng\u00f4i sao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 con c\u01b0ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n hay th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m s\u1ed1ng hoang d\u00e3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/4 con ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong nh\u00e0. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u00edt qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a n\u00e1t \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang. h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n d\u1ea1ng: m\u00ecnh \u0111en ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u tro, c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn, m\u1eaft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh. Chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 nu\u00f4i trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng hai tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai th\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9, ch\u00e1u ch\u1eaft l\u0169 kh\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong m\u00ecnh ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n, d\u1ec5 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Morgan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hai qui lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: li\u00ean k\u1ebft, ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb gen v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Morgan, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1p giao di truy\u1ec1n. Mendel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1o, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hai qui lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng: di truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n ly \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1910, Morgan \u0111\u00e3 \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m c\u00e1i m\u1eaft tr\u1eafng giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ef1c m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, sinh ra \u0111\u00e0n con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. Khi cho l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0n con n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00e1i giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00e1u 3\/4 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 1\/4 m\u1eaft tr\u1eafng. qua quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9, \u00f4ng ta r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m m\u1eaft tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1i m\u1eaft tr\u1eafng n\u00e0o. Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u1eady? ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh? \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra quy lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 ba: di truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n ly \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ebd ra \u201cb\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng \u201cb\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee5 tinh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra g\u1ea7n 3000 lo\u00e0i ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1984, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2822 lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 7 – Arkady Leokum Tuy ch\u00fang ta c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed3i gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m (drosophila) – ng\u00f4i sao n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 con […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15035"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15036,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035\/revisions\/15036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}