T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 7 – Arkady Leokum<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3n bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o ra bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng khi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng, v\u1ec1 sau tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u00e9p di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00e9p thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c: khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bao b\u1ecdc, trong m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u201cv\u1ee1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n\u201d. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u00e0y t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 n\u00fai b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhau, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Do v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p n\u00ean sinh ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y: l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1y v\u1ecf l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o kh\u00e1 m\u1ecfng, nham th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o phun l\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cs\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng\u201d. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mang trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2,5 t\u1ef7 km3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong khe l\u1ed7, trong v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft tinh trong nham th\u1ea1ch. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nham th\u1ea1ch phun ra s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3o, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 4,6 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nham th\u1ea1ch phun ra c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng\u201d ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3,5-4,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. Nham th\u1ea1ch phun ra v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ra n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean, tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3,5-4,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phun nham th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 2,5 t\u1ef7 km3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1,39 t\u1ef7 km3. so s\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra 0,4-0,3 km3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u00e0y nay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm: H\u00e3y Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi Em T\u1ea1i Sao? \u2013 T\u1eadp 7 – Arkady Leokum Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3n bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15076,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15075\/revisions\/15076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}